京都大学 大学院経済学研究科・経済学部

(Title) 

"The Complex Causality of Gender Entrepreneurship: To Grow, or not to Grow?"

Abstract:
The startup and growth rates of women entrepreneurs has lagged that of men for a long time, due largely to the social institution of gender role expectations and sex discrimination that accompanies the presumption that entrepreneurship is a masculine gendered occupation. However, recent evidence, and this study, attest that entrepreneurship is an androgynous-gendered occupation, i.e., that masculine (agentic) and feminine (communal) gender traits operating in conjunction lead to higher growth aspirations for practising entrepreneurs of both sexes. Previously, entrepreneurial growth was undertaken to gain greater profitability, but entrepreneurship is no longer confined to profit seeking as entrepreneurs also pursue social, environmental, and lifestyle objectives. As a result, among our hypotheses we hypothesise that the gender difference in growth aspirations has now disappeared! This study takes a configurational approach to avoid the conflation of biological sex and psychosocial gender and to capture the interactions of causal conditions operating in interdependent conjunction to culminate in multiple pathways to both high and low growth aspirations for both men and women. Our analysis reveals combinations of personal and firm level conditions that explain why some men and women (within each of the four gender types) want to grow their firms while others do not.

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